by
wensum24
@ 18/11/2005 - 16:01:10

Ancient India - Language - Sanskrit
India was the motherland of our race and Sanskrit the mother of Europe's languages.
Indian culture's spread to Central Asia and South-east Asia where they made a permanent impression on the languages of this part of the world. It is indeed amazing to realise that Sanskrit had become, for a time, the lingua franca of many South-east Asian countries.
Sanskrit (संस्कृतम् ) is a classical language of India and a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. It's position in India and Southeast Asia resembles that of Latin and Greek in Mediaeval Europe, and is a central part of Hindu tradition. Of India's 22 official languages, Sanskrit is one, and is accordingly taught in schools and households throughout India, as a second language, with a few Brahmins using it as their mother tongue, and is even enjoying a revival on some parts.
The Indian Brahmi script was used in Malaysia and some other parts of South-east Asia, and is like the Brahmi used in southern India around 800 to 1000 A.D.
Sanskrit is used chiefly as a ceremonial language for Hindu religious rituals in the forms of hymns and mantras. Its pre-classical form of Vedic Sanskrit, the liturgical language of the Vedic religion, is one of the earliest attested members of the Indo-European language family, with its most ancient text being the Rigveda.
The Javanese Kawi script has been developed from the Pallava script from which Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada scripts have also evolved. Indeed, a glimpse of various other Asian countries scripts, such as Thailand, Laos, Kampuchea etc, will reveal parrallels with modern day south Indian languages.
Many Indian words can be found in regular use among languages of Southeast Asia. For instance in the Malayasian (Malayan) language there are the following words have been derived from Sanskrit; Bhoomiputra i.e. son of the soil, Shurga i.e. heaven which in Sanskrit is Swarga; bangsi i.e. flute, dhobi i.e. washerman, geni i.e. fire (agni in Sanskrit), etc.
English, a Germanic Language of the ’Indo-European’ Family is today the second most widely-spoken language globally, with over 500 million fluent speakers. It is an all-embracing, cosmopolitan language that continues to this day, to adopt, adapt, and borrow from a multitude of other languages, thus making it's active word usage greater than any other.
Languages like French, Greek, Latin, Arabic and Spanish have heavily influenced English but the following words have been derived from Sanskrit, an ancient Hindu language from Northern India. Sanskrit is an Indic language belonging to the Indo-Iranian group of languages and is the precursor of languages like Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, and Marathi amongst others. Even Urdu has been influenced by it.
Continuing with symbols, another word that has its base in Sanskrit is Mandala and is derived from ‘mandalam’, meaning circle. A Hindu and Buddhist religious symbol, it is used as a meditative tool and can be any one of the many ceremonial geometric designs representing the cosmos, especially a circle enclosing a square with the image of a god on each side.
Another word or more appropriately a philosophy that has entrenched itself into modern life is Yoga. Literally meaning union or joining, i.e. the union of the mind, the body and the soul, it is a Hindu discipline, philosophy or system of breath control, meditation and body postures that purify the trinity of mind, body & soul and helps achieve control over them.
For anyone who who has read or followed the principles of Buddhism, Dharma will be a familiar concept. Akin to the Latin firmus or firm, Dharma is a righteous way of living and fulfilling one’s duty as per the Hindu laws. According to Hinduism, following your Dharma is essential for the continued existence and well being of an individual as well as the Universe.
It is comparatively easy to achieve what you want in life if you have the mentoring of an expert, i.e. a Guru. Originally a guide in spiritual, religious and philosophical matters, Guru now stands for an expert in any field, chiefly intellectual and philosophical. It is derived from the Sanskrit ‘guruh’, meaning heavy or grave and means teacher in Hindi & Punjabi.
Spiritual Gurus normally stay far away from the bright lights, because it is difficult to achieve peace and perfect happiness (Nirvana) if you have the city pressures distracting you. An Ashram is a hermitage, i.e. a Hindu religious retreat or a secluded dwelling, where sages stay and meditate, and this is derived from ‘srama’ which means a religious exercise.
Also related to Guru is Pundit. Originally a Pundit was a learned scholar well versed in the Hindu philosophy including the Vedas and would also conduct religious ceremonies. A Pundit now denotes any person who is an expert in any field and is looked upon as a source of opinion on that particular subject. It is derived from the Sanskrit word, ‘pandita’, which means learned.
Nirvana itself is a Sanskrit word and is a state of ultimate bliss reached upon overcoming all our earthly desires. It also represents the final state of being in Buddhism where there is neither pain nor suffering but simply perfect happiness. Nirvana literally means to extinguish (nis - out and vati – it blows), such as extinguising all desires.
And from Sanskrit we have a word deeply associated with love and sex, Kamasutra. This is well known the world over; and even those who do not conserve in English, are aware of it's essence. It has become hugely popular all over the Western world, it is a manual of rules for sex and marriage as per Hindu laws. It is derived from Kama meaning sex and sutra, meaning manual.
A Sutra is a set of rules in Sanskrit literature (philosophy) on a great many subjects according to Hindu laws. Spiritual discourses of the Buddha are also known by this name. Sutram means thread or string and thus a continuation of thoughts.
~~~
Throw me a blind coil, which I can neither grasp nor see
Threadbare and cast astir, dithyrambic hubris
passim - I am for one, as you are for all
Fingers entwined, sleepwalking barefoot, unafraid
~~~
Music: Juana Molina: Sálvese Quién Pueda